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The California Housing Report: Details In the Data Show A Broad-based Price Decline

Housing-Market / US Housing May 28, 2007 - 12:34 AM GMT

By: Jas_Jain

Housing-Market

Headline: "C.A.R. [California Association of Realtors] reports sales decrease 27.8 percent in April, median price of a home in California at $597,640, up 6.2 percent from year ago." Then we also read, "Throughout the state inventory levels have increased to their highest levels in recent years..."

Price increase in the climate of declining sales and rising inventory? Something doesn't add up.


The report does provide some clue: "Although the median price of a home in California continues to rise, this reflects the fall-off in sales in the lower-priced markets of the state..." The phenomenon mentioned in the last sentence is noteworthy and the gain in the "medina price" reported for the state, as well as in some counties, masks the reality of broad-based price declines if one wanted to know what is happening to the price of the same home compared to last year or the past two years.

When it comes to any economic data series it is very important to keep in mind as to what is being measured and how. If ever there was truth in the adage - The Devil Is In the Details - what is happening to the home prices in California is a good substantiation of that. When things don't add up it pays to look carefully. And I have.

I will endeavor to show that there are three factors that result in overstatement of the median price of resale homes because the characteristics of the median priced home are not the same as the median priced home sold a year, or two years, ago:

1. The size of the homes being sold recently is larger compared to those sold last year.

2. The area mixture of the homes sold recently is significantly different from those of the year ago whether we look within the state or within the counties where the median price shows YoY gains. The rapidly increasing gap between the Haves and Have-nots in the US shows up very clearly in the latest California home sales data.

3. The modernization (or home improvements in layman's term) of the homes sold recently is significantly greater than that of year, or two years, ago.

I plan to support the first two with the hard data and for #3 one can rely on media reports and anecdotal evidence that suggest that sellers are making lot more improvements in order to sell homes today even in areas where sales are strong, e.g., Palo Alto, because the sellers want to increase their chances in a slow sales environment.

Let us begin with a cursory, under-the-hood, look at the prices in various counties as shown in Table 1.

Table 1: Analysis of Median Price Data From DataQuick (All Homes) For CA
COUNTY Peak
Price
Peak Price
Month
Price
Apr-07
Price Chg From
2005-06 PEAK
Price Chg
YoY
Total = 32 % %
Alameda County $613,000 Jun-06 $591,000 3.6 2.3
Contra Costa County $600,000 Apr-07 $600,000 0.4 4.3
El Dorado County $526,750 Mar-06 $422,250 19.8 15.6
Fresno County $306,000 Jun-06 $280,000 8.5 6.9
Kern County $285,000 Sep-06 $265,000 7.0 3.1
Los Angeles County $540,000 Mar-07 $540,000 2.9 5.5
Madera County $325,000 Mar-06 $288,750 11.2 6.6
Marin County $925,000 Apr-07 $925,000 9.5 10.2
Merced County $380,000 Dec-05 $314,000 17.4 16.3
Monterey County $622,250 Feb-06 $581,500 6.5 4.2
Napa County $665,750 Sep-05 $559,000 16.0 7.5
Nevada County $501,000 Apr-06 $475,000 5.2 5.2
Orange County $643,000 Jul-06 $630,000 2.0 0.5
Placer County $515,500 Aug-05 $446,000 13.5 5.6
Riverside County $435,000 Dec-06 $410,000 5.7 1.0
Sacramento County $390,000 Nov-05 $345,000 11.5 6.8
San Benito County $620,000 Jul-05 $587,000 5.3 4.6
San Bernardino County $380,000 Nov-06 $370,000 2.6 2.8
San Diego County $525,000 Mar-06 $495,000 5.7 3.9
San Francisco County $790,000 Jun-06 $790,000 0.0 1.8
San Joaquin County $441,000 Jun-06 $397,000 10.0 9.0
San Luis Obispo County $581,000 Jun-06 $530,000 8.8 3.7
San Mateo County $804,000 Apr-07 $804,000 4.4 6.5
Santa Barbara County $605,000 Oct-06 $580,000 4.1 15.9
Santa Clara County $715,000 Apr-07 $715,000 2.9 5.6
Santa Cruz County $725,000 Oct-05 $679,500 6.3 2.8
Solano County $476,000 Jun-06 $428,000 10.1 7.0
Sonoma County $580,000 Sep-05 $515,000 11.2 9.1
Stanislaus County $392,000 Feb-06 $350,000 10.7 7.9
Tulare County $269,750 Dec-06 $252,000 6.6 4.0
Ventura County $620,000 Jun-06 $572,000 7.7 3.0
Yolo County $500,000 Jan-06 $420,250 16.0 0.7
Median 6.6 3.4
Average 6.7 2.4
Counties With Double-Digit Declines Since 05-06 Peak 11
Counties With Peak In 2005 7
Counties With Peak In 2006 20
Counties With Peak In 2007 5

 

As much as there is lot of red ink in Table 1 it does not tell the true story of the real price declines because it does not tell you what were the characteristics of the median-priced homes sold this year versus the median-priced homes sold last year in any of the counties. I will try to show that the price decline might be understated by 10-15% if one were to keep the characteristics constant, i.e., apples-to-apples comparison!

It is abundantly clear from the above table that YoY price gains, as well as new price peaks, are concentrated in LA County and four of the SF Bay Area counties, where a higher percentage of state's Haves (top 5% income households) live (shown in gold). What is happening in Santa Clara County, a proxy for Silicon Valley, tells the story of all the areas with YoY price gains very well and I happen to keep detailed data for the county so I will make my case by providing these details.

The California Housing Report: Details In the Data Show A Broad-based Price Decline

The figure above tells a very different story of Santa Clara County housing than the one told by YoY price gain in the median price of homes sold as well as new all-time high in the price reported for April 2007. The serious decline in the listing price shown above is consistent with the steady rise in inventory for the past two years if one keeps seasonality in mind. Believe it or not the median price of the Active Listings (excluding Pending Sales) hit a multi-year low of $750,000 on the morning of 05/26/07. The high of $898,000 was reached during March 2006. For the past two years we have roughly 150% increase in inventory and 40% decline is sales.

So, why is the reported median price showing YoY gain? Table 2 below provides an immediate clue.

Table 2: Price & Volume Change (3-Month Median) In
High & Low Priced Areas, Santa Clara County
Town Zip Code Median Price Median Price
YoY Gain
Median Volume
YoY Gain
Los Altos 94022 $1,805,000 12.25% -4.17%
Los Gatos 95030 $1,595,000 9.54% 0.00%
Los Altos 94024 $1,575,000 -1.47% 7.69%
Palo Alto 94301 $1,450,000 15.43% 0.00%
Saratoga 95070 $1,339,500 -6.49% 3.03%
Palo Alto 94306 $1,244,000 21.95% 7.69%
San Martin 95046 $1,078,750 5.56% -8.33%
San Jose 95120 $1,020,500 7.82% 0.00%
Los Gatos 95032 $1,010,000 8.45% 29.63%
Sunnyvale 94087 $912,500 2.84% -5.41%
Mountain View 94040 $900,000 37.25% -17.86%
San Jose 95138 $899,000 -3.16% 7.14%
Cupertino 95014 $860,000 -8.51% 31.48%
Mountain View 94041 $840,500 10.49% 33.33%
Los Gatos 95033 $827,750 -19.86% 85.71%
San Jose 95129 $790,000 2.76% -10.00%
Morgan Hill 95037 $789,500 7.88% -18.92%
San Jose 95125 $769,500 3.33% -18.10%
San Jose 95148 $762,500 6.79% -17.65%
San Jose 95135 $752,500 1.42% -14.29%
San Jose 95117 $745,000 12.43% 0.00%
San Jose 95130 $740,500 -4.96% 0.00%
San Jose 95124 $733,000 2.65% -20.55%
Santa Clara 95054 $730,000 -9.39% -9.76%
Sunnyvale 94086 $721,000 -0.68% 20.00%
Campbell 95008 $701,000 0.79% 1.96%
San Jose 95119 $698,000 -2.00% 0.00%
Sunnyvale 94089 $692,500 4.09% 122.22%
Gilroy 95020 $680,000 3.03% -45.00%
San Jose 95132 $672,500 0.00% -27.27%
San Jose 95118 $667,250 4.13% -5.13%
Mountain View 94043 $667,000 3.13% -36.84%
San Jose 95128 $661,000 4.68% -40.00%
Milpitas 95035 $659,500 8.44% -32.93%
San Jose 95139 $657,000 -1.94% -40.00%
San Jose 95111 $625,500 8.19% -28.77%
San Jose 95136 $625,000 -9.69% 25.00%
San Jose 95131 $624,000 -9.05% -38.46%
Santa Clara 95050 $62,000 -3.03% -20.51%
San Jose 95123 $621,000 -5.19% -30.00%
San Jose 95121 $617,500 -5.02% -27.50%
San Jose 95127 $610,000 -0.96% -34.15%
San Jose 95126 $602,500 -6.20% -5.56%
Sunnyvale 94085 $595,000 3.11% -53.57%
San Jose 95122 $580,000 -1.28% -42.37%
Santa Clara 95051 $579,000 -14.86% -12.70%
San Jose 95112 $577,000 -1.29% -31.71%
San Jose 95110 $562,500 12.50% -9.52%
San Jose 95134 $545,000 -0.93% 0.00%
San Jose 95116 $543,000 10.57% -33.33%
San Jose 95133 $485,000 -23.43% -35.00%
Median of TOP 1/3rd $1,010,000 7.82% 0.00%
Median of MIDDLE 1/3rd $701,000 3.03% -14.29%
Median of BOTTOM 1/3rd $602,500 -1.94% -30.00%

 

The entire decline in sales volume for the past year, some 20%, is concentrated in the zip codes in the bottom 2/3rd as ranked by the median sale price. The homes in the top priced areas are selling briskly and in the bottom priced areas they sit on the market for a very long time. How wide is the gap? Let me quote Richard Calhoun, a Realtor in the area: "Currently, largely because of the sub-prime lender issues, the expensive homes are selling much more rapidly (35 DUI) than the low priced homes (300 DUI). Consequently, the number of listings available on the low-end of the price spectrum is high and listings available on the high-end of the price spectrum are low. The bulk of the median List price drop that you are reporting is a result of the change in the market mix and nothing to do with property values."

I agree with Mr. Calhoun that the "bulk of the median List price drop" is due to the mix of homes that are listed, but part of the price decline shown in the median price of the Active Listings is real, i.e., for the county as a whole the home prices have declined if we compare the same homes in the same areas. This does not mean that there are no zip codes where there is some price appreciation, though only modest.

Now, I will endeavor to estimate how much of the overstatement in the median price is due to the three factors mentioned at the beginning of this report. Table 3 below, based on data published by DataQuick/ San Jose Mercury News, is an attempt at arriving at a figure.

Table 3: Price Changes Due To Size and Area Mixture Over the Past 43 Weeks, Santa Clara County
For the 43 Week Period
SANTA CLARA [Four Weeks] through 05/10/2007 "Median"
SqFt
Increase
In SqFt
Price Per SqFt
Gain Due to
Area Mixture
COMBINED
Size Incr &
Area Mix
Median Price Sales Volume
Community Price % Chg* $/SqFt # Sold YoY % 95W Chg
All homes $710,000 4.4% $477 1,855 -19.9% -38.8% 1488 2.8%
Total resale houses $800,000 7.7% $506 1,189 -19.4% -42.1% 1581 3.4% 5.5% 9.1%
Total condominiums $527,000 5.4% $431 413 -29.4% -50.9% 1223 5.1%
Total new homes $675,500 3.9% 253 -0.4% 40.7% Annual 4.2% 6.7% 11.1%
SANTA CLARA [Four Weeks] through 7/14/2006
Median Price Sales Volume
Community Price % Chg* $/SqFt # Sold YoY %
All homes $690,000 6.2% $477 2,154 -23.6% 1448
Total resale houses $771,500 10.2% $505 1,364 -28.2% 1528
Total condominiums $501,500 6.7% $431 492 -30.5% 1163
Total new homes $599,000 -10.7% 298 41.2%

 

The 43-Week period chosen is strictly because I didn't save the data corresponding to the 52-Week change. It is an amazing coincidence that the price per SqFt (PPSF) for all the three categories is nearly identical for the two periods listed in the table. If the median price is up and the PPSF is the same then we reach an easy conclusion that homes sold in all three categories, county wide, are larger today than 43 weeks ago. A more difficult task is to come up with a figure for the increase in the median price due to change in the Area Mixture. Fortunately, with the availability of the PPSF and the volume of sales for each of the zip codes and the fact that the PPSF for all the zip codes combined is the same, for both periods, we can calculate the price change due to Area Mixture by comparing the weighted average price (weighted by % of total sales in a given zip code). This is shown under "Gain Due to Area Mixture." As you can see in the last column the gain in the median price due to Size and Area Mixture is 9.1% for the 43-Week period considered. This annualizes to 11.1%

The contribution of home Modernization to the increase in median sale price can't be estimated from data because I know of no data that is available. My best guess is 2-5% compared to year ago. It is a safe conclusion that the changes in the homes being sold today versus a year ago account for 10-15% gain in the median price. This applies to Santa Clara County, based on the calculations and estimate, but I believe that it reflects what is going on statewide as well as in most counties. The percentage overstatement might differ from county to county and zip code to zip code.

This conclusion does not preclude the probability that there are some zip codes where there is some real home price appreciation. I would estimate the number of these zip codes to be no more than 50 for the state, or to less than 5% of the zip codes. Segregating educational opportunity by zip codes is a neat American trick. I doubt that there is any civilized nation on earth with greater inequality of educational opportunity, K thru12, than in America based overwhelmingly on the income level of the parents. Little wonder that the gap between the Haves and Have-nots keeps increasing. I hope that you understand that these comments have everything to do with home prices.

By Jas Jain, Ph.D.
the Prophet of Doom and Gloom


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