Peak Oil, The Truth About Energy
Commodities / Crude Oil Oct 16, 2009 - 03:25 AM GMTBy: Puru_Saxena
After oscillating within a trading range for several weeks, the price of crude oil has recently broken out to a new recovery high. Now, you will recall that we have been firm believers of ‘Peak Oil’ since 2003 and we were expecting this bullish resolution.
Look. Sceptics can say what they want; it does not change the fact that our world is struggling to maintain daily flow-rates. Whether you agree with us or not, the energy reality is that the supply of conventional crude oil is very close to its peak and no other fuel source can fix the problem.
Yes, various governments are now promoting alternative sources of energy and over the following years, we expect this drive to intensify. However, in all honesty, we seem to have left it too late and apart from conservation, there is no other solution.
Today, there is an unbelievable degree of denial when it comes to ‘Peak Oil’. Most people simply dismiss it as a conspiracy, others gleefully point to alternative sources of energy, whereas some believe that the vast improvements in oil drilling technology will save the day.
In this essay, we will address these misconceptions, so that at least our readers can prepare themselves (both financially as well as mentally). However, first and foremost, we want to reiterate that globalisation and our modern way of life was only made possible due to a cheap and abundant source of energy – crude oil. If you review history, you will observe that most of our technological advancements took place in the second half of the past century or during the age of oil. Furthermore, you will also observe a strong correlation between crude oil usage, world economic growth and the rise in global population. Therefore, it is reasonable to state with some certainty that the surge in global economic activity and world population over the past five decades was made possible by the availability of cheap oil. Now, if this relationship is correct, then we can also deduce that unless we find another cheap and abundant energy source, depleting supplies of crude oil will cause the world’s economy and population to shrink.
We are not fear mongers but at the same time, we want all our readers to fully grasp the scope of this problem. Remember, crude oil is the lifeblood of the global economy and roughly 70% of it is used to power transportation. Amazingly, approximately 97% of the world’s transportation runs on derivatives made from crude oil. Moreover, a vast amount of crude oil is also used up by agriculture (production of fertilisers, pesticides and irrigation systems). In fact, modern-day agriculture can be best described as a process of converting hydrocarbons into calories. Without cheap energy, the world would certainly have trouble producing half of the current food supply and the result could be far worse.
As we have explained above, crude oil is a key ingredient in two of the most critical processes which make modern life possible – transportation and agriculture. And shortages of this vital natural resource will result in extreme pain. In the initial stages, the price of crude oil will rise remorselessly and eventually, we will face rationing.
Now that we have established the importance of crude oil, we will explain why new drilling technology and alternative sources of energy will not make this problem go away.
Firstly, as far as drilling technology is concerned, it is worth noting that America is home to the best oilfield technology on this planet. However, its oil production peaked in the early 1970s and has been in a relentless decline. Furthermore, apart from America, other technologically advanced nations in the world have also failed in maintaining their daily flow-rates. For instance, after exporting crude oil for over two decades, Britain is now a net importer and its production is in a state of permanent decline. Hard data confirms that two of the most advanced countries in the world now live in a post ‘Peak Oil’ era, so what are the odds that other less fortunate nations will succeed in averting ‘Peak Oil’?
Secondly, as far as alternative sources of energy are concerned, they represent a drop in the energy ocean and will not be able to offset the depletion in crude oil. Despite all the euphoria surrounding renewable energy, you may want to note that energy ‘sources’ such as ethanol and solar panels are net energy losers. In other words, it takes more energy to produce ethanol and solar panels than the energy you obtain from them. Yes, wind, solar and nuclear power will help us in the production of electricity but somehow, we cannot imagine a world where automobiles and aircrafts will run on windmills or nuclear reactors! For sure, hybrid and electric cars will help us to some degree but you must keep in mind the fact that electricity is not a source of energy; it is a carrier of energy. Even if electric cars become popular, how will we generate sufficient electricity? Furthermore, how long will it take us to kit out the entire planet with electric-charging stations and how much will it cost? Who will come up with the money to fund this mind-boggling infrastructure project? As you can see, the transition will not be easy and we do not know whether we will succeed.
Elsewhere in the alternative energy patch, a lot of hopes currently rest on unconventional sources of oil (especially tar sands and shale oil). Once again, this optimism is misplaced and in our view, the increased supply from the unconventional sources will not even make a dent in the overall energy picture. Figure 1 confirms that our world currently produces roughly 85 million barrels per day of total liquids and out of this gigantic sum, only 13 million barrels per day of oil is derived from unconventional sources. So, when the production of conventional crude oil finally declines due to ‘Peak Oil’, it is extremely improbable that unconventional supply will be able to rise to the challenge.
Figure 1: Composition of total liquids production
Source: Oilwatch Monthly, IEA and EIA
As far as Canada’s tar sands are concerned, Alberta currently produces roughly 1.4 million barrels of oil per day and under the best case scenario, this figure is expected to rise to just 3.5 million barrels per day by 2020. To complicate matters even further, the tar sands require huge amounts of water and natural gas. In addition to this, the mining procedure is extremely polluting. For example, the process of extracting ‘oil’ from bitumen releases at least three times the amount of carbon dioxide emissions as regular oil production. Accordingly, we have no doubt in our minds that Canada’s tar is not the Holy Grail.
Finally, the new oil shale discoveries in America are not going to help us either because the ‘oil’ trapped in the shale is in fact kerogen – a precursor to oil. So far, all major oil companies have struggled to convert the kerogen into usable oil and it will be interesting to see whether any of them succeeds in the future. In any case, this conversion process is extremely expensive and we can assure you that shale will not be producing any oil at today’s prices. Recent studies reveal that the price of oil will have to rise to several hundred dollars per barrel to make this process economically feasible.
Well, now that we have covered the supply side, let us briefly discuss the demand side of the equation. According to the IEA, global oil usage in 2009 will amount to 84.4 million barrels per day and it will rise to 85.7 million barrels per day in 2010. This means that oil demand will rise by 1.5% over the next twelve months which is in line with the growth rate over the past two decades. If this growth rate continues over the next 4-5 years, there is no way our world will be able to ramp up production.
Unfortunately, positive thoughts, prayers and wishful thinking will not achieve anything. Precious time has been wasted and we have no margin of safety. We must prepare ourselves for sky-high commodity prices and periods of acute shortages, which will make wartime conditions seem rosy. In fact, we believe we are already a decade into this painful transition but let us warn you that we have seen nothing yet.
If our assessment is correct (and we no reason to believe that it is not), then the least you can do is allocate a large portion of your wealth to the energy sector. However, given the realities of ‘Peak Oil’, we do not recommend exposure to the oil majors as their reserves and production are in decline. On the contrary, we urge you to invest your capital in quality upstream oil/gas companies and businesses involved in the energy services sector.
Puru Saxena publishes Money Matters, a monthly economic report, which highlights extraordinary investment opportunities in all major markets. In addition to the monthly report, subscribers also receive “Weekly Updates” covering the recent market action. Money Matters is available by subscription from www.purusaxena.com.
Puru Saxena
Website – www.purusaxena.com
Puru Saxena is the founder of Puru Saxena Wealth Management, his Hong Kong based firm which manages investment portfolios for individuals and corporate clients. He is a highly showcased investment manager and a regular guest on CNN, BBC World, CNBC, Bloomberg, NDTV and various radio programs.
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